How To Calculate How Much Money You Will Make On A Bond By Bill Dufrane

If youre going to play the market, youre likely in it to win. You expect a modest return on your investment, or at least to make your money back. Your choice of investment matters a lot, so it really helps if you can calculate how much money you can expect to make. The most general meaning of yield is the amount of money returned (usually annually) in the form of dividends.

Within finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to repay the principal and interest (the coupon). Other stipulations may also be attached to the bond issue, such as the obligation for the issuer to provide certain information to the bond holder, or limitations on the behavior of the issuer. Bonds are generally issued for a fixed term (the maturity) longer than one year.

A bond is just a loan, but in the form of a security, although terminology used is rather different. The issuer is equivalent to the borrower, the bond holder to the lender, and the coupon to the interest. Bonds enable the issuer to finance long-term investments with external funds.

1. Current Yeild

If you are looking to estimate the amount of money you stand to gain, the procedure is really quite simple. Divide the annual interest amount paid by the current market price. CY = IAP*100. (The 100 turns the fraction into a percentage.) For example, a $1000 face-value (par) bond with a coupon (interest rate) of 7% that matures in 10 years may sell currently at a discount for $950.

2. Holding Your Bond To Maturity

You will gain the most money in dividends if you hold your bond to maturity. Would you rather have $1000 today or $1000 a year from now, even assuming youre assured of getting paid in a year? Having $1000 sooner rather than later means earning interest on that $1000 for an additional year!

3. Years To Maturity

YTM is the best number to use when comparing bonds with different rates and maturity dates. With a little practice, the process becomes familiar and loses the aura of numerology. Profits go to the fearless. Here's the formula...

c(1 + YTM)-1 + c(1 + YTM)-2 +. .. + c(1 + YTM)-YUM + B(1 + YTM)-YUM = P

c = annual coupon payment (in dollars, not a percentage)
YUM = number of years until maturity
B = par value (original issue price)
P = purchase price

Resource: http://www.isnare.com/?aid=92777&ca=Finances

How To Calculate How Much Money You Will Make On A Bond By Bill Dufrane

If youre going to play the market, youre likely in it to win. You expect a modest return on your investment, or at least to make your money back. Your choice of investment matters a lot, so it really helps if you can calculate how much money you can expect to make. The most general meaning of yield is the amount of money returned (usually annually) in the form of dividends.

Within finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to repay the principal and interest (the coupon). Other stipulations may also be attached to the bond issue, such as the obligation for the issuer to provide certain information to the bond holder, or limitations on the behavior of the issuer. Bonds are generally issued for a fixed term (the maturity) longer than one year.

A bond is just a loan, but in the form of a security, although terminology used is rather different. The issuer is equivalent to the borrower, the bond holder to the lender, and the coupon to the interest. Bonds enable the issuer to finance long-term investments with external funds.

1. Current Yeild

If you are looking to estimate the amount of money you stand to gain, the procedure is really quite simple. Divide the annual interest amount paid by the current market price. CY = IAP*100. (The 100 turns the fraction into a percentage.) For example, a $1000 face-value (par) bond with a coupon (interest rate) of 7% that matures in 10 years may sell currently at a discount for $950.

2. Holding Your Bond To Maturity

You will gain the most money in dividends if you hold your bond to maturity. Would you rather have $1000 today or $1000 a year from now, even assuming youre assured of getting paid in a year? Having $1000 sooner rather than later means earning interest on that $1000 for an additional year!

3. Years To Maturity

YTM is the best number to use when comparing bonds with different rates and maturity dates. With a little practice, the process becomes familiar and loses the aura of numerology. Profits go to the fearless. Here's the formula...

c(1 + YTM)-1 + c(1 + YTM)-2 +. .. + c(1 + YTM)-YUM + B(1 + YTM)-YUM = P

c = annual coupon payment (in dollars, not a percentage)
YUM = number of years until maturity
B = par value (original issue price)
P = purchase price

Resource: http://www.isnare.com/?aid=92777&ca=Finances

Finding The Right Brokerage Firm For You By Robert Michael

Are you looking for a brokerage that fits your style? Have you hesitated because you’re not sure how to begin? Check out this guide for some hints to uncovering the right brokerage firm for you.

Brokerage Firm Hint #1: Decide what you want/need before shopping around.

Before you ever begin looking for a brokerage firm, make sure you understand your own personality when it comes to finances. For example, how risk averse are you? Do you throw money at potential investments with gusto, or are you hesitant to even play a $1 slot machine, thinking that your buck could buy a candy bar? You must know who YOU are before you can ever schedule an appointment with a broker; otherwise, you’ll never be satisfied and it will actually be more difficult for him or her.

Brokerage Firm Hint #2: Shop around.

Even if you fall in love with the first brokerage you visit, you really need to evaluate at least one or two more brokerage firms before deciding with whom to work. This is for your own benefit as well as the benefit of the brokerage firm. After all, if you start working with one brokerage firm and suddenly come to the conclusion that it doesn’t reflect who you are as an investor, it’ll be difficult and even costly to remove yourself. It’s better to investigate many brokerage firms when you’re just starting out; then, you can make an informed choice.

Brokerage Firm Hint #3: Ask for references.

When you decide on the brokerage firm with whom you’d like to work, ask for references before giving them any money. Then, follow up on whatever lists or names they give you. Ask their clientele how satisfied they have been and whether they would choose that brokerage firm if they could do it again. Listen for hesitation or any phrases that appear to be “canned” or even outright lies. And if your gut tells you something is wrong, it probably is.

Brokerage Firm Hint #4: Ask questions and be honest.

Once you’ve chosen a brokerage firm, you need to make sure that all your meetings with your broker (or brokers) are efficient. Be open and honest and ask plenty of questions right off the bat. Any broker worth his or her salt will be happy to answer any inquiries and will follow-up over the phone and via email. Remember that if you’re not forthright, it’ll be tough for your broker to make the best suggestions to you. Instead, be upfront from the “get go” and you’ll reap the benefits.

Brokerage Firm Hint #5: When you find one that works for you, refer your friends.

If you find a brokerage firm that absolutely knocks your socks off, you’ll want to share your find with others. Make sure you do so frequently; not only will that be good for the brokerage firm, but they might give you a discount on some future service if you bring a lot of business through their doors.

Resource: http://www.isnare.com/?aid=93003&ca=Finances

The Bond Market And How You Can Benefit By Joseph Kenny

In the investment world, there are two words we hear more than any others—stocks and bonds. While each can offer their own advantages and disadvantages, both should be included in your portfolio. As a general rule, stocks have outperformed bonds since 1926; returning 10.4 percent against government bonds’ 5.4 percent showing.

However, when stocks go bad—and they will—bonds will always be there for you. Over short periods of time (like the bear market of 2000 to 2002) bonds easily outpaced the growth of stocks. However the world of bonds can be a confusing one, so let’s learn a little more about them.

Why to get fond of bonds

The first word in smart investing is “diversification”. That means you own a good mix of volatile stocks and steady bonds in your portfolio. When one takes a hit, the other will usually hold steady.

Whereas stocks will only give you liquid results when you sell, bonds pay interest regularly, making them an attractive investment choice for retirees looking for regular income.

Bonds are also some of the some of the safest investment choices you can make, second only to cash. U.S. Treasuries offer a risk-free vehicle of stashing funds for a limited amount of time, and you’ll usually see modest gains while you’re at it.

Also, many bonds provide income that’s tax-free. That’s a good thing, even though most of these pay a lower yield than what you might get from taxable bonds.

Bonds at work

When you purchase a bond, you’re basically lending money to a corporation or the government so they can go about their everyday business or complete certain projects. In return, they pay you interest annually and then give back what you’ve invested once the bond “matures”, meaning its term ends.

Now for a little lingo. A bond’s “par value” is the price paid for it when it was new. A “coupon”, is what the bond pays annually in interest. For example, a $10,000 bond paying 8 percent a year would have a coupon of $800. If you don’t buy a bond new, you’ll be purchasing from another person in the “secondary” market, and you’ll pay the current market price on the bond (which fluctuates daily) though still receiving the same coupon. A bond’s “total return” is all the money you will earn off of the bond. That includes the annual interest along with its loss or gain in the market.

Bountiful Bonds

There are a ton of bonds to choose from, but the safest choice is a U.S. Treasury. Interest and payments on these are guaranteed by the “full faith and credit” of the United States Government.

Within Treasuries, there are several bonds to choose from, all requiring different investment commitments, terms, and interest rates.

You can also choose from mortgage-backed bonds, which can yield around 1 percent more than Treasury bonds with a typical $25,000 investment. Then there are corporate bonds. Most of these are issued in $1,000 denominations and have terms ranging form one to 20 years, or even a few weeks to 100 years. The values of corporate bonds depend on the credit of the company you’re bonding. Like everything else, it’s a risk-reward proposition when selecting a corporate bond.

Finally, you can also purchase municipal bonds in state and local governments and agencies. These are usually available in denominations starting at $5,000, with terms of 30 to 40 years. The great thing about municipal bonds is that your interest returns are typically exempt from most federal, state, and local taxes.

Risk-Reward

Though bonds are typically less volatile than stocks, there are still risks. Interest payments can be worn by inflation. If interest rates rise, bond prices will fall. Also, some bond issuers reserve the right to “call” back bonds before term. If this happens, you’ll only get “par value” on the buy back, though “callable” bonds offer higher interest returns than noncallable bonds. Also, if a corporation you have bonded goes belly-up, say goodbye to your money. Finally, bonds, as with most investments, are at the mercy of the ups and downs of the everyday market. Just remember, the longer before your bond matures, the more unpredictable it becomes.

Resource: http://www.isnare.com/?aid=93474&ca=Finances

Dollar Drink Night: Boozing With Coworkers Could Help You Financially By Joseph Kenny

There’s a group in every office. They hit the nearby watering hole for happy hour once or twice a week after work to vent shared frustrations, talk about the boss behind his back, maybe even plot future career moves. Thumbing your nose at this carousing crew? Think twice, turning down an invite to grab a post-shift drink might be hazardous to your financial future.

A recent study published by The Journal of Labor Research shows that drinkers earn 10 to 14 percent more than those who avoid the bottle altogether. The reason? The study contends it’s something called social capital. That is, the more you’re out enjoying a drink, the more people you meet. The more people you meet, the more doors that are opened for you professionally. And as is the general rule in the business world—it’s not what you know, it’s who you know.

The study contends that specifically, it’s drinkers who hit the bar that see the most benefits financially, as opposed to those who tip the glass at home. It’s all about social capital, which the study defines as “a person’s social characteristics, including social skills, charisma, and the size of his Rolodex, which enable him to reap market and nonmarket returns from interactions with others.” Drinkers who hit the bars have a lot of it, drinkers who sip alone have a little less, nondrinkers have less yet.

The study argues that it’s possible that abstainers may steer clear of social occasions involving drinking, and if not, they will socialize with other nondrinkers or less social people. It’s also possible that abstainers might be considered boring by drinkers, and not be invited to a gathering at all. Those who drink socially may have an easier time attaining a higher paying job or reinforce bonds with coworkers or associates who could have a direct impact on salary. Though the reasons behind nondrinkers’ lack of social capital weren’t specifically tackled in the study, one thing is clear—drinkers earn significantly more than those who abstain.

For example, female drinkers pull in 14 percent more than their nondrinking counterparts. Men who hit the bottle regularly earn 10 percent more than guys who stick with soft drinks.

The pot gets even sweeter for males who hit their favorite watering hole on a regular basis. Men who visited a bar at least once a month earned an additional 7 percent over the 10 percent advantage. That isn’t the case for women barflies, however. No marked advantage was shown for ladies who visited pubs regularly over those who did not.

Though not sponsored by any interests in the alcohol industry, the study was conducted as a response to recent anti-alcohol campaigns on college campuses, limits on alcohol advertising, and tax increases on liquor. Authors of the study contend that since their research shows that drinkers earn significantly more than nondrinkers, perhaps attempting to discourage drinking in society might have a negative impact on our ability to earn.

So next time your cubicle partner asks you to join the crew for a drink after work, think twice before you pass. According to the stats, it might be to your benefit to say “First round’s on me”.

Resource: http://www.isnare.com/?aid=93477&ca=Finances